查看完整版本: 吃鱼的女孩聪明 -转载自 DXY

吃鱼的女孩聪明 -转载自 DXY

聪明的女孩多吃鱼
2008.06.20.

据新的研究显示，进食更多Ω-3脂肪酸的女孩比进食Ω-6脂肪酸较多者更聪明。根据该研究和其他研究结果，比起大豆和玉米油，政府的饮食推荐—特别是针对孕妇的—应该特别突出鱼类的地位，这些食物中Ω-3脂肪酸含量丰富。以上是Joseph Hibbeln，马里兰州贝塞斯达市全国防治酒精滥用和酒精中毒研究所一位精神病学家和脂类生化学家的意见。“在成长过程中我们希望大脑不会缺少那些关键的营养素。”

首次意识到Ω-3脂肪酸的优点是在对全身脂肪分布的研究中。今年年初，宾夕法尼亚洲匹兹堡大学流行病学家William Lassek以及圣芭芭拉加利福尼亚大学的人类学家Steven Gaulin报道说，那些臀部脂肪蓄积大于腰部 — 亦即类似于影星的低腰臀比身材 — 的女性，在认知能力测试中得分较高，而她们的子女也是如此。他们提出，可能是因为臀部和大腿处的脂肪含Ω-3脂肪酸量大于腹部脂肪，这些女性相当于为胎儿和婴儿大脑发育储备了必不可少的Ω-3脂肪酸—同时也促进了自身的智力发展。他们预言，进食Ω-3脂肪酸较多的女性在认知测试中的表现将优于进食Ω-6脂肪酸较多者。

为了验证该假说，Lassek 和Gaulin对约4000名6~16岁的女孩和男孩进行了分析测试。这些孩子参与了第三次全国健康和营养调查研究，该研究是美国评估儿童及成人健康和营养状况计划的一部分。研究者对父母收入和教育水平以及孩子的年龄、种族、兄弟姐妹的数量、血铅水平等因素进行参照调整后，他们发现在4项认知测试，包括IQ测试中，食用Ω-3脂肪酸较多的女孩分数明显较高。

虽然遗传和双亲教育水平对智力影响很大，饮食在女孩得分的差距中还是起到了约1%的作用，与铅接触量相当，Lassek说。男孩中进食Ω-3脂肪酸的在认知测试中同样优于食用其他脂肪酸者，但是“在女孩中的作用比男孩强两倍“，Lassek说。这种差异显示了进化比较眷顾那些下半身储蓄Ω-3脂肪酸的女孩。该团队本月初将研究发现在日本京都召开的人类行为与发展协会学术会议上进行了汇报，他们也发现Ω-6脂肪酸对认知力有干扰，因为进食这种油脂较多的女孩在测试中表现不佳。

其他研究Ω-3脂肪酸类的学者对于Ω-3脂肪酸与智力之间的这种联系并不奇怪：“现代饮食中Ω-3脂肪酸摄入缺乏与暴力、严重抑郁、自杀和双相性精神障碍发病风险上升有关，“Hibbeln说，因此有理由在大脑功能的其他方面发现类似联系，特别是由于神经元利用脂质形成轴突。他认为更重要的是关于Ω-6脂肪酸的发现。”过去100年中西方饮食的一大剧变就是Ω-6脂肪酸摄入量的急剧上升，“他说。Hibbeln建议美国政府对最近作出的关于孕妇在孕期应减少鱼类摄入一避免汞中毒的咨询意见作出修正；他说，这种危险可以通过限制某些特定鱼类的摄入而轻易地避免。

Smart Girls Eat Fish

20 June 2008
Girls who eat more omega-3 fatty acids outsmart those who eat higher amounts of omega-6 fatty acids, according to new research. As a result of this and other studies, government dietary recommendations--especially those aimed at pregnant women--should emphasize fish over soy and corn oils, which are respectively high in these fatty acids, says Joseph Hibbeln, a psychiatrist and lipid biochemist at the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism in Bethesda, Maryland. "We don't want the brain to be deficient in its critical nutrients during development."
The omega-3 advantage was first hinted at in studies of distribution of body fat. Earlier this year, William Lassek, an epidemiologist at the University of Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania, and anthropologist Steven Gaulin of the University of California, Santa Barbara, reported that women who accumulated more fat on their hips than on their waists--and who, therefore, had low waist-hip ratios like many movie stars--had higher cognitive test scores, as did their children. They proposed that because the fat on the hips and thighs contains more omega-3s than belly fat does, these women were storing omega-3s critical for fetal and infant brain development--and boosting their own brainpower as they grew up. They also predicted that women who ate more omega-3s would perform better on cognitive tests than those who ate more omega-6s.
To test this hypothesis, Lassek and Gaulin analyzed data on about 4000 girls and boys between the ages of 6 and 16. The children had participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Study, part of a U.S. project to assess the health and nutritional status of kids and adults. After the researchers controlled for the parents' income and education and for the children's age, race, number of siblings, and blood lead levels, they found that girls who ate more omega-3 scored significantly better on four cognitive tests, including an IQ test.
Although genetics and parental education influence intelligence far more, the dietary effect explained about 1% of the difference in test scores between girls, about the same amount as exposure to lead, says Lassek. Boys also perform a bit better on cognitive tests if they eat more omega-3s than other fatty acids, but the effect is "twice as great in girls as in boys," says Lassek. That disparity suggests that evolution has favored girls who stow omega-3 fats on their lower bodies. The team, which presented its findings earlier this month at the Human Behavior and Evolution Society meeting in Kyoto, Japan, also found that omega-6 fatty acids interfere with cognition, because girls who ate more of these oils didn't perform as well.
Other researchers who have studied omega-3s are not surprised to see the link between omega-3s and intelligence: "Deficiency in omega-3 intake in modern diets is associated with an increased risk of violence, major depression, suicide, and bipolar disorder," says Hibbeln, so seeing a connection to another aspect of brain function makes sense, particularly because neurons use fatty acids to build axons. Most important, he says, is the omega-6 finding. "The big change in the Western diet of the past 100 years is a massive increase in the dietary intake of omega-6 fatty acids," he says. Hibbeln has advised the U.S. government to revise its recent advisory warning that pregnant women reduce their consumption of fish during pregnancy because of mercury toxicity; he says the dangers can be avoided easily by limiting consumption of certain fish.
[url]http://sciencenow.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2008/620/3[/url]

[[i] 本帖最后由 terry 于 2008-9-8 10:45 编辑 [/i]]

小学的时候老师就说吃鱼长脑子。。。

所以吃的鱼不少。。。不过没发现有多聪明。。。